North coast of South America.

GMT - 3.

163,265 sq km (63,037 sq miles).

429,000 (UN estimate 2001).

2.6 per sq km.

Paramaribo. Population: 214,000 (2000).

Surinam is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by the Marowijne River (which forms the border with French Guiana), to the west by the Corantijn River (which forms the border with Guyana), and to the south by forests, savannahs and mountains, which separate it from Brazil. In the northern part of the country are coastal lowlands covered with mangrove swamps. Further inland runs a narrow strip of savannah land. To the south, the land becomes hilly and then mountainous, covered with dense tropical forest, and cut by numerous rivers and streams.

The 51-seat National Assembly has legislative powers and is elected every four years. The Assembly elects the president, who holds executive power, and the vice-president, who doubles as prime minister. The National State Council, which includes members of the military, has an ill-defined ‘advisory’ role as well as the power of veto over legislation.

Republic since 1987. Gained independence from The Netherlands in 1975. Head of State: President Runaldo Ronald Venetiaan since 2000. Recent history: President Venetiaan was re-elected in August 2005 following months of deadlock. His New Front coalition won the May 2005 parliamentary elections.

Dutch is the official language. Sranan Tongo, originating in Creole, is the popular language. The main languages are Hindi and Javanese. English, Chinese, French and Spanish are also spoken.

Approximately 48 per cent Christian, 27 per cent Hindu and 20 per cent Muslim.

Informal dress is suitable for most occasions. Guayabera or safari outfits are increasingly worn in place of jackets and ties. Women should wear long trousers on trips to the interior. Beachwear should be confined to the beach or poolside. Photography: It is inadvisable to photograph public places, particularly of a political or military nature (including police stations). There is a general sensitivity about the taking of photographs – it is advisable to seek prior permission.

127 volts AC, 60Hz. European round two-pin plugs and screw-type lamp fittings are in use.