Southwestern Pacific.

GMT + 11.

27,556 sq km (10,639 sq miles).

450,000 (estimate 2001).

16.3 per sq km (2001).

Honiara. Population: 50,000 (2000).

The larger of the islands are 145 to 193km (90 to 120 miles) in length, while the smallest are no more than coral outcrops. The terrain is generally quite rugged, with foothills that rise gently to a peak and then fall away steeply to the sea on the other side. The capital Honiara is situated on Guadalcanal Island, which also has the highest mountain, Mount Makarakombu, at 2447m (8028ft). There are a number of dormant volcanoes scattered throughout the archipelago.

The British monarch, represented by a Governor General, is the head of state, but real power is held by the Prime Minister, who presides over a cabinet of 14 other ministers. The legislature is unicameral and elected every four years. The number of seats in the assembly is 47.

Constitutional monarchy. Gained independence from the UK in 1978. Head of State: HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented locally by Governor-General Nathaniel Waena since 2004. Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare since May 2006. Recent history: The election of Snyder Rini as Prime Minister in April 2006 led to protests and rioting in the capital, Honiara. Rini resigned as a result, after only three weeks in the job, and opposition leader Manasseh Sogavare was chosen by Parliament as his replacement.

English is the official language. Pidgin English and over 80 different local dialects are also spoken.

More than 95 per cent of the population are Christian; the rest mostly hold traditional beliefs.

A casual atmosphere prevails and European customs exist alongside local traditions. Informal wear is widely suitable although women often wear long dresses for evening functions. Men need never wear ties. Women, in general, should dress modestly and appropriately, noting that certain areas may be 'taboo' and exclusively reserved for men. It is customary to cover thighs. Visitors are discouraged from wearing beachwear and shorts around towns and villages. Swearing is a crime and can lead to huge compensation claims and even jail.

230/240 volts AC, 50Hz. Australian-type flat three-pin plugs are in use.