Inoculation regulations can change at short notice. Please take medical advice in the case of doubt.

1
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age coming from infected areas.

2
Immunisation against typhoid and poliomyelitis is often recommended.

Food & drink
Water that is not bottled should never be drunk unless it has first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk should not be consumed unless bought in a container stating that it has been pasteurised. Avoid dairy products which are likely to have been made from unboiled milk. Food and water in rural areas may carry increased risk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably served hot. Salad and mayonnaise may carry increased risk. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Other risks
Hepatitis A may occur, hepatitis B is endemic. Inoculations for tetanus are also recommended. Heat and dehydration may become a health hazard for pilgrims on their way to Mecca and Medina. Precautions should be taken.
Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix.

Notes
An HIV test is mandatory for anyone planning to stay longer than 14 days.

Health insurance is recommended. There are excellent hospitals in large towns and cities, with clinics in many villages.