Inoculation regulations can change at short notice. Please take medical advice in the case of doubt.

1
Typhoid may occur in rural areas.

Food & drink
All water should be regarded as a potential health risk. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably served hot. Pork, salad and mayonnaise may carry increased risk. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Other risks
Widespread outbreaks of diphtheria have been reported in recent years. Tick-borne encephalitis occurs in forested areas. Visitors are advised to seek medical advice about immunisation and precautionary measures. Good personal hygiene and care with water and food supplies are essential. Hepatitis A may occur and precautions should be taken. Travellers may wish to consider immunisation against rabies. There have been cases of avian flu in the Crimean peninsula, but no human cases have been reported.

The health service does, in theory, provide free medical treatment for all citizens and travellers who become ill. However, as in most parts of the former Soviet Union, health care is a serious problem. For minor difficulties, visitors are advised to ask the management at their hotels for help. For major problems, visitors are well advised to seek help outside the country. The UK and Ukraine have a bilateral agreement on emergency medical treatment, so UK travellers should not need to pay an insurance levy on arrival. Travel insurance is strongly recommended however. It is advisable to take a supply of those medicines that are likely to be required (but check first that they may be legally imported) as medicines can prove difficult to obtain. Travellers are advised to contact their Embassy, in the first instance, for advice on where to get medical help.