Inoculation regulations can change at short notice. Please take medical advice in the case of doubt.

Food & drink
Water supplies are generally reliable in cities, though it has a high mineral content and can be cloudy. Bottled or filtered water is preferable for these reasons. If travelling in rural areas, drink only bottled water. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are generally safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruit and vegetables are generally considered safe to eat, although there is some risk of fish tapeworm from freshwater fish. Exercise food and drink hygiene precautions, especially in rural areas.

Other risks
Hepatitis A and B, and diphtheria are present. TB may be a threat. Tick-borne encephalitis occurs in forested areas, and vaccination is strongly advisable.
Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix.

European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland:
If you or any of your dependants are suddenly taken ill or have an accident during a visit to an EEA country or Switzerland, free or reduced-cost necessary treatment is available – in most cases on production of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Each country has different rules about state medical provision. In some, treatment is free. In many countries you will have to pay part or all of the cost, and then claim a full or partial refund. The EHIC gives access to state-provided medical treatment only and the scheme gives no entitlement to medical repatriation costs, nor does it cover ongoing illnesses of a non-urgent nature, so comprehensive travel insurance is advised. Note that the EHIC replaces the Form E111, which is no longer valid. Some restrictions apply, depending on your nationality.
You can get treatment only from doctors or dentists contracted to a Territorial Patient Fund. Doctors' consultations and treatment are free of charge. There is no charge for a dentist's consultation but you will have to pay for any materials the dentist uses. Most dentists - 80 per cent - practise privately. If you see a doctor or dentist privately, you can't claim any money back. You can get prescriptions from a doctor. You will need to show your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Some medicines are provided free of charge; for others you will have to pay between 10 and 50 per cent of the cost. This is not refundable. If you are prescribed a medicine that is not available under the state scheme, you will have to pay for it yourself. You can get treatment in the emergency section of a hospital. You can also be referred to a hospital for in-patient or out-patient treatment by a doctor. There are no charges for in-patient or out-patient hospital treatment. If you are treated privately in a hospital, you will have to pay. This is not refundable. Ambulance travel is free. More information can be obtained from Vilnius Territorial Patient Fund, Placioji g. 10 Vilnius 2600 (tel: (5) 266 1364).