Inoculation regulations can change at short notice. Please take medical advice in the case of doubt.

2
Vaccination against typhoid and polio is advised.

3
Malaria risk (including cerebral malaria), predominantly in the malignant falciparum form, exists throughout the year in the whole country. The malignant form is reported to be highly resistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. The recommended prophylaxis is mefloquine.

Food & drink
Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are generally safe for consumption. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably served hot. Pork, salad and mayonnaise may carry increased risk. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

1

Following WHO guidelines issued in 1973, a cholera vaccination certificate is no longer a condition of entry to Zambia. However, cholera is still prevalent, particularly in the rainy season.

Other risks

Bilharzia (schistosomiasis) is present. Avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water; swimming pools that are well chlorinated and maintained are safe. Human trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is reported in the north. Dengue, filariasis, leishmaniasis and onchocerciasis are present. Rickettsial infections can occur. Trachoma is widespread, as are hepatitis A and E. Hepatitis B is hyperendemic. Dysentery is endemic. Epidemics of meningococcal meningitis may occur, particularly in the savannah areas during the dry season. HIV/AIDS affects a high proportion of the population. Plague occurs very rarely. TB can occur.
Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix.

There is no reciprocal health agreement with the UK and health service is not free. Adequate health care cannot be assured outside main towns. It is advisable to carry basic medical supplies as they are limited in Zambia. Comprehensive health insurance is recommended and it should include emergency air evacuation coverage if you are spending time in remote parts of the country.